Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headache, often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances.

Meaning of Migraine:

1. Primary Headache Disorder:

   • Migraine is classified as a primary headache disorder, meaning it is not a symptom of an underlying medical condition but rather a condition in itself.

2. Recurrent Episodes:

   • Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe headache, typically lasting from a few hours to several days if untreated.

3. Associated Symptoms:

   • Migraine attacks are often accompanied by additional symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and sensitivity to sound (phonophobia).
   • Some individuals may experience visual disturbances (aura) before or during a migraine attack, which can include flashing lights, blind spots, or zigzag lines.

Causes of Migraine:

1. Genetic Factors:

   • Migraine tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the condition.

2. Neurological Mechanisms:

   • Migraine is believed to involve abnormal brain activity, including changes in the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and changes in blood flow to the brain.

3. Triggers:

   • Certain factors or triggers may precipitate migraine attacks in susceptible individuals. Common triggers include stress, hormonal changes (such as menstruation or menopause), certain foods (e.g., aged cheeses, chocolate, alcohol), caffeine withdrawal, irregular sleep patterns, sensory stimuli (bright lights, strong odors), and environmental factors (weather changes, altitude).